However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . . Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. We may then be justified, with some reservation, in saying that at present the total Nebab bet enrolment might well be 300,000. . 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Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. Prominent Zema bet are at Dbr Abbay (Tgray), Sllkula (Wllo) and Gon Tewodros (Goam). Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. [ . ], 4. raider. (..). The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. 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Online. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) = , 15. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. ( ) = - ., 3. = , 3. (Literature school). The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. = , 00. ( ) The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. [ . The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. = [ . = , 14. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. = , 28. These are most widespread but there are other forms, e.g. The child, who is led by his teacher or a monitor, touches with a straw each letter from left to right of the table and names the letter in a loud voice. display: none !important; What is the process of learning the letters? The following texts are known to have been used in different areas: Gabata Hawaria, i.e. A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: He must also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values (Alemayyehu Moges 1973: 92). () = , 17. . In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. = , 13 [ ], 11 - () = ( ) - .. The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). There are several reasons for this. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. 19 - .. . 20 = (2) . In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. = , 23 - . = Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? He repeats this for months. The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. . In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. Zema means a pleasing sound, a song or a melody in Ge'ez,[1][3] the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. He can then practice reading different religious texts. The child uses four methods to practice reading this text known as Fidel Hawaria or the first Epistle of St. john, first he pronounces every letter of the word pointing at each letter with a straw (Qutir-method). = , 7. Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. Non-Christian families are reluctant to send their children to a Nebab bet because it is closely integrated with the church. b) Reading lessons from religious books 13 - ( ) = . Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. The church school system has the following divisions: ( . ) . . The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. Some students try to attend more than one master in more than one school, in order to reach a higher level of mastering qne. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. . Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 11 - , 6 - , 9 - ( ), 10 - ( ), 12 - , 13 - , 34 - , 35 - , 17 - , 19 . 6 = , 12. The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. . , 23. () = , 31. Your email address will not be published. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. . . This faith, the churches believes, is derived from the apostolic heritage and borne witness to in the New Testament against the background of the Old Testament. The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. The rest, including the teaching the traditions and service of the Church, is learned through daily experience in the parish itself. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. First there is a prayer to be recited. . The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b).