In April 1998, the group publicly declared that its long-term aim was the creation of a union of Chechnya and Dagestan under Islamic rule and the expulsion of Russians from the entire Caucasian Region. The meeting's pan-Islamic complexion created concern in Moscow about the possible spread of radical Islam into Russia from the new Muslim states along the periphery of the former Soviet Union. "[63], In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Northern Caucasus experienced an Islamic (as well as a national) renaissance. [13] However, since 2020, due to excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's population has undergone its largest peacetime decline in recorded history. [82], Russia is a multilingual nation; approximately 100150 minority languages are spoken across the country. In: Pridemore, W.A. [75] In 2010, at least 20,000 Russian Muslim pilgrims attended the Hajj, as Russian Muslim leaders sent letters to the King of Saudi Arabia requesting that the Saudi visa quota be raised to at least 25,00028,000 visas for Muslims. There are currently 4 mosques in Moscow,[85] and 8,000 in the whole of Russia. [14] The first people to become Muslims within current Russian territory, the Dagestani people (region of Derbent), converted after the Arab conquest of the region in the 8th century. Leaders in Dagestan have urged people to join together in a "single spiritual space.". This wave continues into the present, with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine leading to considerable Russian emigration associated with the invasion. In Russia, we have this problemwe are always looking for an enemy. [10] As of 2020, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 71.54 years (66.49 years for males and 76.43 years for females). [44] Muslims were exempt from military conscription during World War I. They primarily live in cities such as Moscow, Sochi and Blagoveshchensk. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *], In the 1980s, Islam was the second most widespread religion in the Soviet Union; in that period, the number of Soviet citizens identifying themselves as Muslims generally totaled between 45 and 50 million. Mosque in Noyabrsk in Siberia's Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where Muslims make up 18% of the total population. [64], Russian president Vladimir Putin has allowed the de facto implementation of Sharia law in Chechnya by Ramzan Kadyrov, including polygamy and enforced veiling. In 13 of them in 2010, ethnic Russians constitute a minority: Russian is the official and the predominantly spoken language in Russia. Since 1992 he has headed the central or combined Muslim Spiritual Directorate of all of Russia. The Muslim community in Russia continues to grow, having reached 25 million, according to the grand mufti of Russia, Sheikh Rawil Gaynetdin. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *], There is much evidence of official conciliation toward Islam in Russia in the 1990s. About 30% of Muslims live in Africa (almost half of the continent's population). According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the third-largest in the world, numbering over 11.6 million in 2016;[18] most of which are from post-Soviet states, mainly Ukrainians. by Daniel Pipes. Many Jordanian Muslims practice Sufism.. [22] These elevated fertility rates did not lead to population growth due to the casualties of the Russian Revolution, the two world wars and political killings. Muslims are followers of the religion Islam, who believe in and live by the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. In 2021 Putin announced that some 20% of Russian aviation industry employees are Muslims. The number of Muslims allowed to make pilgrimages to Mecca increased sharply after the virtual embargo of the Soviet era ended in 1990. However, the Chechen government's grip on Chechnya was weak, especially outside the ruined capital Grozny. Muslim population grew by 4.4% while that of Hindus declined by 4.3%: Study Hindus increased from 304 million (30.4 crore) to 966 million (96.6 crore), Muslims grew from 35 million (3.5 crore). The Muslim Spiritual Authority is in the Caucasus, which acts as the coordination centre of Muslims in the North Caucasus. [20][21] However, Russian policy shifted toward weakening Islam by introducing pre-Islamic elements of collective consciousness. Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. Encouraged by the Russian strategy of using the traditional Islamic structures and leaders against the Islamic extremists, there was a process of religious radicalisation in Chechnya and other Northern Caucasus regions. Israel's population is 9.6 million. What is it like to be a Muslim in Russia? Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation, based the calculation average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). This entry was posted on January 9, 2023 by hinduexistence in Anti-Hindu, Attack upon Hindus, Attack upon Hindus by Muslims, Hindu Murder, Hindu Protest, Islamic Aggression in Assam and tagged 1 Muslim assailant held, 16 yo Hindutva Activist hacked to death by a Muslim in Assam, Bajrang Dal, Bajrang Dal Activist hacked to death by a Muslim in . The period from the Russian conquest of Kazan in 1552 by Ivan the Terrible to the ascension of Catherine the Great in 1762 featured systematic Russian repression of Muslims through policies of exclusion and discrimination - as well as the destruction of Muslim culture by the elimination of outward manifestations of Islam such as mosques. Islam has always been the second biggest religion in Russia, but it had never been as visible in Moscow as it is now. Mosques and madrassas (Muslim schools) were closed down, turned into museums or run by puppet imams and muftis. [77], For centuries, the Tatars constituted the only Muslim ethnic group in European Russia, with Tatar language being the only language used in their mosques, a situation which saw rapid change over the course of the 20th century as a large number of Caucasian and Central Asian Muslims migrated to central Russian cities and began attending Tatar-speaking mosques, generating pressure on the imams of such mosques to begin using Russian. In the census of 2011, there were 2.7 million Muslims (4.9% of the population). Muslims are the second largest community after Hindus forming 14.6% of the total population in Republic of India. Talgat Tadzhuddin was the Chief Mufti of Russia. After his death, his successor, Dokka Umarov, declared continuing jihad to establish an Islamic fundamentalist Caucasus Emirate in the North Caucasus and beyond. In the respective areas they ruled, in both the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, Shia Islam and Sunni Islam spread, resulting in a fast and steady conversion of many more ethnic Caucasian peoples in adjacent territories. Russia, the largest country in the world by area, had a population of 147.2 million according to the 2021 census, or 144.7 million when excluding Crimea and Sevastopol, up from 142.8 million in the 2010 census. ", "Traffic jams and desperation at the border as Russians flee Putin's 'partial mobilization', "Forced to fight your own people: How Russia is weaponizing passports", "Human Rights in the Occupied Territories of Georgia", "Russian rivieia: from Soviet sanatoriums to lush gardens, your walking guide to seaside Sochi", "Constraints on Universal Health Care in the Russian Federation", United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, "Healthcare in Russia: the Russian healthcare system explained", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Analysis of the Financing of Russian Health Care over the Past 100 Years", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, "Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Russian Federation", "Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? The Russian army rounded up people, driving Muslims from their villages to ports on the Black Sea, where they awaited ships provided by the neighboring Ottoman Empire. *, In 1992 several Muslim associations withdrew from the Caucasus muftiate and attempted to establish their own spiritual boards. The United Kingdom has seen rapid growth in the Muslim population, according to a 10-yearly census carried out in 2021. "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050", "Arctic mosque stays open but Muslim numbers shrink", "RUSSIA 2017 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT", All-Russia Population Census 2010 ( 2010), " : ", "Vladimir Putin says Muslim schools can help stop "destructive" ideas", "Why Russia is No Place to Be Charlie - Tablet Magazine", "The rise of Russian Muslims worries Orthodox Church", , , 2006, "The Islamization of the Volga Bulghars: A Question Reconsidered", "Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards: The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captives in the Crimean Khanate", "Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of_Christian Muslim and Jewish Sources", "How Russia's steppe warriors took on Napoleon's armies", "Imamat-news.ru ", "History of Hajj in Russia from 18th to 21st century - IslamDag.info", "Window on Eurasia: Putin Says Orthodoxy 'Closer to Islam than Catholicism Is' - RISU", " , . Muslims will make up 30 percent of Russia's population by 2034, the country's grand mufti said Monday. There are also an additional 3 million to 4 million migrants from former Soviet states. Also radical and extremist streams of Islam started taking root, initially in western (upland) Dagestan. " Russia's Turning Muslim, Says Mufti " is the startling headline in the Times of London today. [85][86] According to the Russian Census of 2002, 142.6million across the country spoke Russian, 5.3million spoke Tatar, and 1.8million spoke Ukrainian. mi) Despite this concession, extremists such as Shamil Basayev and the Saudi-born Islamist Ibn Al-Khattab continued to undermine the Maskhadov government. [56] Russia has one of the world's most female-biased sex ratios, with 0.859 males to every female,[12] due to its high male mortality rate. ", "Russia's population undergoes largest ever peacetime decline, analysis shows", "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Russian Federation", "Mapped: Which country has the most immigrants? [39][40], Since the collapse of the USSR, most immigrants have come from Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, from poor areas of China, and from Vietnam and Laos[41], Temporary migrant workers in Russia consists of about 7 million people, most of the temporary workers come from Central Asia (mostly from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan), South Caucasus (mostly from Armenia and Azerbaijan), East Asia (mostly from poor areas of China, from Vietnam and Laos). Afterward, the Ottoman Empire offered to harbor the Circassians who did not wish to accept the rule of a Christian monarch, and many emigrated to Anatolia (the heart of the Ottoman Empire) and ended up in modern Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq, and Kosovo. Russia Will Be One-Third Muslim in 15 Years, Chief Mufti Predicts March 5, 2019 Ravil Gainutdin, chairman of the Council of Muftis Alexander Avilov / Moskva News Agency Around 30 percent of the. [18], Demographic statistics according to the latest Rosstat vital statistics[19] and the World Population Review in 2019. According to US Department of State in 2017, Muslims in Russia numbered 14 million or roughly 10% of the total population. Money from the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia, has financed the building of mosques and helped Russian Muslims to become better organized. Many of the religious leaders were poorly trained and seemed more interested in politics than religion. [102], Russia has an adult literacy rate of 100%. Thus in UP, while the Muslim population is about 18%, the UP police has only about 2% Muslims. The Muslims in Tatarstan are majorly ethnic Muslims, who are direct descendants of the earliest Muslims in Russia, called the Volga Bulgars. ", "Are Russia's 20 million Muslims seething about Putin bombing Syria? Around 30 percent of the Russian population will practice Islam within the next 15 years, Russias grand mufti has predicted, citing demographic trends. 18111913 . In March 1999, Maskhadov closed down the Chechen parliament and introduced aspects of Sharia. Approximately 87-95% of them are Sunni and roughly 3% are Shia and roughly 7% are non-denominational Muslims. Predicting a Majority-Muslim Russia. Ahmad Adil | 07.05.2021 NEW DELHI Dismissing propaganda launched by Hindu nationalists against the growing Muslim populace in India, former top bureaucrat and author Shahabuddin Yaqoob Quraishi said Hindus will always remain in the majority in the country. It doesnt just burn me up, it drives me crazy. Only the old men know it. More than 3 million Tajik citizens were officially registered in Russia in 2021. . . - . (ed.). And the first Adhan, call to worship, in Russia, was made on the lands of Dagestan, the mufti said. [105] The Ministry of Education of Russia is responsible for primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education; while the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia is responsible for science and higher education. 2: Inter-Regional and Inter-Ethnic Relations, Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, pp. In Moscow, there is the Council of Muftis of Russia. Chechen and Azerbaijani street traders have had their goods and money seized and their kiosks bulldozed by Russian authorities. [13], Russia is a multinational state,[16] home to over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. The number of Muslims allowed to make pilgrimages to Mecca increased sharply after the embargo of the Soviet era ended in 1991. Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. [100], Islam is the second-largest religion in Russia, and it is the traditional religion amongst most peoples of the North Caucasus, and amongst some Turkic peoples scattered along the Volga-Ural region. So the politicians see the Muslimswe are poor, we have no power. Brill, 2001. Later most of the European and Caucasian Turkic peoples also became followers of Islam. Given the demographic changes, Muslims will represent one third (the downward estimate) and half (the upward estimate) of the Russian population . [14] In 2020, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[15] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1 and about equal to the European average. [64], In 1991, Chechnya declared independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Hunter, Shireen. Global Muslim Population A report by Pew Research claims there are 1.8 billion muslims in the world and that's set to rise to around 3 billion by 2060. Chechnya preserved its de facto independence until 1999. Elghobashy made history when she became the first hijabi athlete to . [115] Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the most populous city entirely within Europe, the most populous urban area in Europe,[114] the most populous metropolitan area in Europe,[115] and also the largest city by land area on the European continent. In 2017, a survey made by the Pew Research Center showed that 73% of Russians declared themselves as Christiansout of which 71% were Orthodox, 1% were Catholic, and 2% were Other Christians, while 15% were unaffiliated, 10% were Muslims, and 1% followed other religions. Ivan the Terrible subjugated the Tatars and forcibly converted[citation needed] some of them to Christianity. Europe has lost almost 60% of its Jewish population over the past 50 years, mainly as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union after which many Jews . Saint Petersburg, Russia Population (2023) - Population Stat Saint Petersburg, Russia Population Population in Urban Area, now 5,521,095 World: 76th Europe: 6th Russia: 2nd Population in City Area, 2022-08-17 5,351,935 World: 43rd Europe: 3rd Russia: 2nd Saint Petersburg Urban Area Population Graph A leader of a nationalist group told the Washington Post, They dont wash themselves, they dont clean up, they sleep 10 to 15 in a small room. They came to a city that is currently known as Derbent, it is in Southern Dagestan. [33] In August 2012, as the country saw its first demographic growth since the 1990s, President Putin declared that Russia's population could reach 146 million by 2025, mainly as a result of immigration. Central Muslim Spiritual Board of Russia - official website, Russia Mufties Council - official website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Russia&oldid=1118586644, This page was last edited on 27 October 2022, at 20:33. In Russia, there are three federal centres and we believe that this is the best option for the management of Muslim religious affairs in Russia, the mufti said. This contrasted with other places in Europe outside Russia where Muslims were not allowed to own Christians. [36] Denis Davidov mentioned the arrows and bows wielded by the Bashkirs. The faith was introduced by merchants visiting the Swahili coast, as it became connected to a larger maritime trade network dominated by Muslims.This would lead to local conversions and assimilations of . 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